Materials on the disinfection activities of specialized institutions in the Russian Federation according to the Federal statistics observation Form No 27 «Information on disinfection activity in 2012». Report II

Osipova N. Z., Tsarenko V. A., Cherniavskaya O. P., Vereschagin A. I.

FSHI «Federal Hygiene and Epidemiology Center» by Rospotrebnadzor, Varshavskoye sh., 19 а, Moscow, 117105

The analysis of the statistics data recorded in the Form No 27 «Information on disinfection activity in 2012» for 2010-2012 on disinfection and sterilization condition in medicoprophylactic institutions, public health organizations equipment by sterilizing apparatus and disinfection facilities, as well as indicators of bacteriological and chemical control for medical items sterilization was conducted. The data concerning providing the Russian Federation subjects by sanitary inspection rooms and antipediculosis measures are shown.

Keywords: disinfection institutions, deratization, disinsection and disinfection measures, statistics data.

Intoxication of population in Republic of Guinea owing to venomous snake bites, prophylaxis and treatment

M. C. Balde PhD, O. K. Konstantinov PhD, V. A. Shchezhin PhD, M. Y. Boiro PhD

Pasteur Institute of Guinea, B.P.146, Kindia, Republic of Guinea

The intoxication level of the population in Republic of Guinea due to venomous snake bites is 100-150 cases on 100 000 habitants with up to 18% lethality. It represents a severe problem for public health services of the country. The ophidians fauna of Guinea counts 7 families, 47 genus and 92 species, 20 from which are dangerous for human. The most part of snake bites (53,4 %) is a share on cobras and mambas (family Elapidae ), 46.6 % – on vipers (family Viperidae).

The greatest number of snake bites – 66,4 % occurs during the rainy season (May-October). It is linked both to snake life cycle, and with the more intensive human contacts with snakes during agricultural works. The most rational methods of human protection against snake bites are a prophylaxis and immunotherapy. In the Department of Prophylaxis and Snake Bites Treatment of Pasteur Institute of Guinea some prophylaxis recommendations for the preventing of human contacts with snakes have been developed. The trials of antitoxic sera of different manufacturers were conducted. The freeze-dried polyvalent equine antivenom polyvalent serum «Antivipmyn® Africa» (Bioclon Silanes firm, Mexico) was the most effective. Some new methods of treatment of intoxications were applied as well: a homeopathic complexon, prepared by means of the device «Biocorid-F» (Russia) according to R.Volle method, and the device of reflex therapy «Diadens» (Russia). This allowed to reduce the convalescence period in 3-4 times and to prevent high-gravity complications of snake bites. These treatment methods are perspective and demand the further improvement.

Key words: venomous snakes, intoxications, human protection, Republic of Guinea

Factors determining the formation of opisthorchiasis and diphyllobothriasis nosoareas in Siberia

Yastrebov V. K., professor, FGUN «Omsk scientific research institute natural foci infections» Rospotrebnadzor, 6434080 Omsk, pr. Mira, 7, mail@oniipi.org

The places with the maximal opisthorchiasis sickness rates in Siberia is found to be characterized on the contrary low diphyllobothriasis ones. The most expressed foci of the both invasions location are depended on their first intermediate hosts areas.

Keywords: opisthorchiasis, diphyllobothriasis, sickness rate; the first intermediate hosts

Mosquitoes natural populations: biology, epidemiological significance, control measures (literature review)

Kostina M. N., Doctor of Biology. Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute by Pospotrebnadzor,

Nauchny pr., 18, Moscow, 117246

The analysis of the mainly foreign literary regarding the methods of mosquitoes natural population control over the past several years has been done. The main epidemiologically significant species are characterized with description the infection which causative agents are carried by these species. The different methods of both adults and larvae mosquitoes control under treatment of various types of water reservoir in different countries are described. Modern technologies are estimated. Their future prospects are discussed, integration circuits of methods and means are proposed.

Keywords: mosquitoes , species composition, biology, epidemiological significance, sanitary measures, control measures for number decreasing, insecticides , new technologies

Resistance to the anticoagulant rodenticides – the deployment of the new molecular methodology to identify mutations of the VKORC1 ‘resistance gene’, and understanding their potential impact on treatment outcome.

C. V. Prescott. Director of the Vertebrate Pests Unit and Principal Research Fellow, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, United Kingdom. e-mail: c.v.prescott@reading.ac.uk

Anticoagulants rodenticides have already known for over half a century, as effective and safe method of rodent control. However, discovered in 1958 anticoagulant resistance has given us a very important problem for their future long-term use. Laboratory tests provide the main method for identification the different types of anticoagulant resistances, quantify the magnitude of their effect and help us to choose the best pest control strategy. The main important tests are lethal feeding period (LFP) and blood clotting response (BCR) tests. These tests can now be used to quantify the likely effect of the resistance on treatment outcome by providing an estimate of the ‘resistance factor’. In 2004 the gene responsible for anticoagulant resistance (VKORC1) was identified and sequenced. As a result, a new molecular resistance testing methodology has been developed, and a number of resistance mutations, particularly in Norway rats and house mice. Three mutations of the VKORC1 gene in Norway rats have been identified to date that confer a degree of resistance to bromadiolone and difenacoum, sufficient to affect treatment outcome in the field.

Keywords: anticoagulants rodenticides, resistance, laboratory tests, resistance, lethal feeding period test, LFP, blood clotting response test, BCR, resistance factor, gene VKORC1, resistance mutations, Norway rat, House mouse

Mechanisms of insectoacaricides action. Report 2. Pyrethroids, Semicarbazones, oxydiazines, Neonicotinoids, Spinosyns, antagonists to nicotine-acetylcholine receptors, metabolic processes modulators, pyrroles, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport, microbiologic specimens, insects hormonal status regulators.

Roslavtseva S. A. , professor . Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute by Pospotrebnadzor, Nauchny pr., 18, Moscow, 117246

The main mechanisms of pyrethtroids, neonicotinoids, spinosyns, pyrroles, development regulators and other agents with insectoacaricide effect are described.

Keywords: insectoacaricides, insects’ development regulators, nervous system, microsomes lipids

New electrofumigants for indoor mosquitoes extermination

Kostina M. N., Doctor of Biolog, Bidevkina M. V., Ph, D., Belikh O. A., Alesho N. A., PhD.

Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute by Pospotrebnadzor, Nauchny pr., 18, Moscow,

117246

Two new electrofumigants in the form of insecticide plates and liquid based on highly volatile pyrethroid Esbiothrin are developed . The first mosquitoes death is registered just after 1-2 minutes of preheated fumigator use and the last one -after 12-15 minutes, and after 20-25 minutes when use the cool equipment. As for toxicity both preparation are belonged to the 4th low-hazard class and are recommended for domestic use under following the instructions for use (usage mode).

Keywords: plate (mat ), liquid, insecticide electrofumigator , Esbiothrin, volatile pyrethroids active agent diffusion, mosquitoes

Social significant and highly dangerous infectious diseases. October 10-11, 2013, Krasnodar