DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.001

 

 

Face to the former pests. From enemies to wards: Speckled and European ground squirrels

 

 

 

Shekarova O.N., Savinetskaya L.E.

 

shekar@mail.ru

 

A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences

 

 

 

Former pests and pest control objects, which have been subjected to large-scale destruction by medical, disinfection and sanitary services for many years, are increasingly attracting the attention of environmental organizations and are included in the lists of rare and protected species. European Sp. citellus (Linnaeus, 1766)) and Speckled Spermophilus suslicus (Güldenstädt, 1770) ground squirrels are among them. In the past they were pests, but now they are protected species. The European ground squirrel is listed on the IUCN International Red List as Endangered. It is protected in many European states by national laws. Active work is underway to restore it (reacclimatization, resettlement, breeding).

 

Speckled ground squirrel is also a rapidly declining species throughout its range. It is listed in the regional Red Data Books of Russia, the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (category 2 – species declining in numbers and/or distribution; threat status «I» - disappearing), as well as the Red Data Books of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova. It is on the international Red List with the VUvulnerable category. A few years ago, work began on the reintroduction of the speckled ground squirrel. Now the first reintroduced colony is successfully developing in the Lomovskoy Natural Landscape Park in the Voronezh region. Work is underway and there is hope for success.

 

 

 

Keywords: European ground squirrel, speckled ground squirrel, population reduction, reintroduction.

 

 

page 5-11

DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.002

 

The proplem of invasive animals in Israel

 

Khatib Ya., Postgraduate student, ATI-RUDN, Moscow, Russia

Makarov V. V., PhD in Biology, Professor

yazedkhatib@hotmail.com

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

 

This article describes the geographically diverse, atmospheric, and topographic features of Israel. The problem of invasive animals in Israel such as wild boars and the Common myna are also noted. The article still discusses the negative and adverse effects of these animals on nature, people and also on other local animals. The alleged reasons for the strong spread of these problem animals and possible solutions to the problem are also presented in the text.

 

Keywords: invasive animals, wild boars, Common myna, nature.

 

page 12-15

DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.003

 

 

The current state of the organization of zoological, entomological, epizootological monitoring in Russia

 

 

 

Trankvilevsky D.V, trankvilevskiy@mail.ru

 

Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Moscow

 

 

The state of zoological and entomological monitoring is analyzed, as a result of which an array of data is accumulated and forecasts of the activity of natural foci of infections are formed, which must be taken into account when implementing non-specific preventive measures.

 

 

 

Keywords: zoological and entomological monitoring, natural focal infections, prevention

 

 

 

page 16-19

DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.004

 

 

The choice of rodenticide bait for plant protection from small rodents

 

 

 

N.V. Babich, PhD, A.A. Yakovlev, PhD

 

FSBSI VIZR, sh. Podbelskogo, 3 St-Pb, Pushkin, 196608, Russia

 

 

 

The common vole Microtus arvalis is a main pest for plant protection applications from rodents. The purpose of laboratory studies was to test the palatability of whole grain and ready to use rodenticide baits of various shapes. The influence of flavoring and odor additives on the consumption of baits was also evaluated. The experiments used 1-3 month old individuals from the laboratory population of M. arvalis, the founders of which were taken from the Krasnodar Territory. The experiments carried out showed the best palatability of the anticoagulant bait based on whole wet grain - an average of 2.5 g per individual per day. The palatability of solid briquettes with successful compositions is close to whole grain, the advantage of smaller granules has not been confirmed. At the same time, in field experiments with all ready to use forms of anticoagulant rodenticides, the effectiveness of applications was 70-80%. The small lens capsules were not attractive enough to voles to provide the effectiveness of microencapsulated zinc phosphide. The addition of 2-3% salt significantly worsened the consumption of grain bait. According to the results of laboratory experiments, odor and food attractants in small concentrations (vegetable oils, sugar and salt) had a positive or neutral value for consumption by common vole. It is hypothesized that scent attractants as sunflower and fir oils can increase the effectiveness of treatments if they attract a rodent and provide a low bait intake sufficient to be ef fective.

 

 

 

Key words: rodenticide bait, anticoagulants, granules, hard and soft briquettes, microencapsulated zinc phosphide, odor and food attractants

 

 

page 20-23

DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.005

 

 

Harmonization of the definition of insecticidal substances for the purposes of production control and monitoring of finished compositions. II. Development of the method of determination and its implementation

 

 

 

Nosikova L.A.1,2, Kochetov A.N. 1,2, e-mail: kochchem@mail.ru

 

1 M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA – Russian Technological University

 

(86, Vernadskogo Pr., Moscow 119571, Russia)

 

2 A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS), (31, LeninskyPr, Moscow, 119991, Russia)

 

Corresponding author e-mail: kochchem@mail.ru

 

 

 

On a concrete example, the possibility of determination by the method of HPLC in a complex multicomponent composition based on three active substances of insecticidal substances of two different groups – pyrethroid insecticides (tetrametrin and alphacypermethrin) and a derivative of the phenylpyrazolone series (fipronil) is considered. The variants of solving the analytical problem are shown on the model solutions and the experimental sample, the aspects of the transfer of substances from the simplest variant of the preparation form (emulsion concentrate) to the solution are considered. Algorithms for creating a methodology and sequentially establishing metrological characteristics of quantitative chemical analysis are shown on the example of a substance of the neonicotinoid series (thiacloprid) embedded in a food gel matrix. Recommendations on the creation of methods for a wide range of insecticidal substances used in the practice of «pest control» are given.

 

 

 

Keywords: insecticidal substances, determination of content, pest control, active substance, pyrethroids, phenylpyrazolones, neonicotinoids, RP HPLC, fipronil, tetramethrin, cypermethrin, alphacypermethrin, thiacloprid, isomer composition

 

 

page 24-36

DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.006

 

 

Food baits against pharaoh ant colonies

 

 

 

Olifer V.V., candidate of biological sciences, Eremina O. Yu., doctor of Biological Sciences

 

Institute of Disinfectology «FRCH named after F.F. Erisman» of the Federal Service for Surveilance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing 2 Semashko st., Mytishchi, Moscow region, Russian Federation

 

 

 

Studies on the effectiveness of food baits in relation to laboratory colonies of the Pharaoh ant have been carried out. Commercially produced and laboratory-prepared baits based on boron compounds, neonicotinoids, oxadiazines, phenylpyrazoles, carbamates, pyrroles, amidinohydrazones, avermectins, and insect growth regulators have been studied. It has been established that in the case of nutritional attractiveness of the base of the bait, the death of colonies occurs within 1 to 4 weeks for the most insecticides, but up to 8 weeks for insect growth regulators. It is necessary to make in two control options in each experiment, i.e. colonies are kept in the absence of a food source and in the presence of carbohydrate food (honey).

 

 

Keywords: Pharaoh ant, insecticidal baits.

 

 

page 37-40

DOI  10.25732/PM.2022.123.3.007

 

Advantages of planning the structure of the cost of dezuslug

 

Tyurenkova V. S., dezhimservice@mail.ru

LLC «Dezhimservice», Tambov, 3rd Line str., 18

 

In conditions of turbulence, the planning of the cost structure not only does not lose relevance, but also acquires additional practical value for organizations providing disinfection services. During the COVID-19 period, the sharply increased demand for final disinfection significantly affected the growth of supply in the market of disinfection services. Even companies whose activities are not related to disinfection began to offer final disinfection services. Increasing supply and easy entry into the market stimulate dumping. At the same time, the market of de-services is not characterized by elastic demand, that is, the offer of a lower price weakly encourages customers to buy more services. The expected volumes of services of different levels of value may also change under the influence of external factors or changes in the preferences of companies caused by the onset of a certain stage in the development of the customer’s company. An illustrative example of external factors may be the change in demand for the final disinfection of COVID-19 foci. When planning budgets, you need to update trends every time. The formation of the cost of de-services has its own unique specifics, so there is a need to use various methods of accounting and calculating it.

 

Keywords: Cost, resource management, competition, dumping.

 

page 41-44